1. Closure- People make conclusions on what they perceive in order to make a incomplete object seem complete.
Even though this typography art is incomplete you brain can fill in the gaps and determine that the shape outline is of a chef.
2. Continuity- People prefer to see smooth continuous lines such as lines and waves. They don't like to see disrupted ones.
The lines in the circles are complete and look nice. Yet if you look more towards the middle where the bee is the circles are not completely complete so it is harder to look at.
3. Similarity- We categorize items based on similar or dissimilar traits that allow us creates patterns or groups based on those traits.
We see horizontal rows of red apples, then green apples, then red again, rather than seeing dissimilar vertical columns of red, then green, then red apples again.
4. Proximity- We group things based off of their nearness. There is no other reason to perceive them in pairs since all the lines are the same in every other aspect.
We group all of the squares or rectangles together in order to see the towers/skyscrapers. We don't really just look at each individual square.
5. Figure Ground Perception- The organizational process used by our visual fields used to make objects stand out from their background.
Despite the face that the bird is the same colors as the background we can see it using figure ground perception to notice things like shadows that make the object stand out from it's surroundings.
B.
6. A Binocular cue- Depth cues that relies on the use of two eyes. Helps with judging the distance of nearby objects.
-
When you look at the drawling head on it looks like a women in the pool yet if you look from a different angle than the picture doesn't have the same depth and looks disproportionate
C. Monocular Cues - Our depth cues. Interposition and Linear Perspective are depth cues that are available to either eye alone.
7. Interposition- The process where we perceive another object as being farther away because it's being partially blocked by another object.
This is an example of Interposition the process of how we see what shape is "closest" by partially blocking certain figures. Ex: the triangle closest, then square then the circle.
8. Relative Side- We assume two objects are the similar in size and perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image is farther away.
When looking at the lines connecting the railroads it looks as if the blue line farther away is longer than the one closer to you but in reality, both lines are the same length.
D. 9. Motion Perception- The process of how our vision interprets motion as a series of pictures flashed quickly rather than a fluid constant motion.
A flip-book is a good example of how we interpret motion as still photos in a rapid succession appearing to move fluidly when in face it's just still images.
E. Perceptual Constancies
10. Size Constancy- Perceiving an object as being one size no matter how far away the object is.
-
In this picture it looks as if there is a really tall man standing beside a really short guy but in reality the short guy is just standing lower than the taller guy. So in reality although the one looks shorter than the other they are both the same height.
11. Brightness Constancy- When an object's perceived brightness in the eye of the viewer appears constant despite it's illumination.
In this picture you can see the same color reflected in three different lighting conditions an example of Brightness Constancy.
12. Shape Constancy- The knowledge that an item has only one shape no matter what angle you view the item from.
This picture demonstrates how shape constancy allows to perceive the object as the same shape from different angles.
